 |
市场调查报告书
2021-2031年可持续替代燃料Sustainable Alternative Fuels 2021-2031 |
||||||
| 出版商 | IDTechEx Ltd. | 商品编码 | 988579 | ||||
| 出版日期 | 内容资讯 | 英文 271 Slides 商品交期: 最快1-2个工作天内 |
|||||
| 价格 |
|
||||||
| 2021-2031年可持续替代燃料 Sustainable Alternative Fuels 2021-2031 | ||
| 出版日期: 2021年02月12日 | 内容资讯: 英文 271 Slides |
|
标题：
可持续发展的替代燃料2021-2031
生物燃料，可再生柴油，可持续航空燃料，电子燃料，绿色氨，技术，参与者，市场。
全球能源消耗的增长导致CO2和GHG排放量增加，进而导致全球平均温度升高。包括煤炭，石油和天然气在内的化石燃料的燃烧一直是其背后的主要驱动力，为非化石替代燃料的生产和使用提供了潜在的驱动力，可以帮助减少排放并缓解气候变化。 >
电力和交通运输行业已率先实施可再生能源技术。对于发电而言，风能和太阳能PV等可再生能源是全球许多地区增长最快的能源，降低了电力生产的碳强度。在公路运输中，预计2020年代将是电池电动汽车和其他个人运输方式在生命周期和前期成本上都比内燃机便宜的十年。这将导致电池电动汽车的广泛采用。但是，电力和公路运输的总和不到全球能源消耗和CO2 -e排放量的50％。重工业，供热，航空和航运等行业的脱碳难度要大得多。在这里，直接电气化或使用电池技术不太可能提供解决方案。
因此，在这些部门中液体和气体燃料将是必需的。例如，可再生柴油或HVO（食用氢植物油）有望实现十年的增长。可再生柴油的生产不同于常规生物柴油，因此可将其用作直接燃料，必须在其中混合生物柴油。此外，如果使用废原料（例如用作废食用油或动物脂肪），则可再生柴油可显著减少CO2排放，可归为第二代或高级生物燃料。燃料的增长由美国和欧洲驱动，在这些地区设定的排放目标是该报告提供了有关生产商和生产量的数据以及到2031年的产能预测（MMGY）。尽管有车辆电气化的背景。 >虽然运输电气化将削弱对道路运输中替代燃料的需求，但可持续航空燃料（SAF）可能是航空业减少排放所必需的。尽管Covid-19大大减少了对航空旅行的需求，但还是在2020年发布了包括宣布购买协议在内的几项公告，这些公告强调了对使用SAF航空脱碳的更多重视。截至2020年底，国际航空运输协会认证了7种SAF生产工艺，可以将其与传统的纯净燃料以不同的比例混合。最突出的SAF是基于加氢处理的酯和脂肪酸，其生产过程与可再生柴油相似。IDTechEx估计，到2020年SAF需求将占航空燃料总需求的<0.1％，并且预计市场将出现显著增长，预计2026年的需求仍将占<1％。
尽管SAF生产目前是生物基的，但电子燃料（电子燃料）除了为生产其他直接燃料和原料提供途径外，还可能在航空业的未来发挥重要作用。甲烷，甲醇和合成气。电子燃料利用电解氢和大气碳，无论是直接从空气中捕获还是从工业点源捕获。因此，它们消除了生物燃料的一些担忧，例如原料的可获得性，土地用途的变化或与粮食种植的潜在竞争。但是，电子燃料市场尚处于发展的早期阶段，电解技术是电子燃料生产的核心部分，可能需要进一步改进和大规模示范，以充分实现电子燃料的潜力。廉价的电力也将是经济生产电子燃料的先决条件。该报告涵盖了生产电子燃料的各种途径，并详细介绍了相关公司以及寻求商业化和扩大其电子燃料技术和生产能力的公司。
由空气中的电解氢和氮气产生的绿色氨气（e-氨）因其较高的液化温度，使其能量密度更高而被吹捧为氢经济的有希望的氢载体。比氢气更容易储存和运输。特别是海上工业可以很好地利用氨作为燃料，尽管人们似乎对此很感兴趣，但目前在海上使用氨作为燃料仅限于很少的项目。还正在进行一些项目，以测试绿色氨作为能量存储形式的可行性，其中氨的生产成本较低（或可再生能源输出较高），而氨的存储量较高，而电力需求较高。在燃气轮机，发动机或潜在的燃料电池中直接使用氨气必须经过仔细控制和监控，以确保NOx排放量低。虽然将氨用作燃料或能源载体仍处于商业化的早期阶段，但绿色氨的生产本身将很重要，因为该化学品已在全球范围内用作肥料，目前的生产通常依赖于使用天然气作为原料。
沼气或生物液化天然气（液化天然气）是替代氨气运输的替代品，它们在稳定具有大量可再生能源的电网以及降低热需求的碳中也可以发挥关键作用。沼气可以得益于这样一个事实，即成千上万的加油站已经使用了液化天然气，因此沼气为向碳中和的过渡提供了可能，而氨将需要新船和翻新。
IDTechEx关于非化石替代燃料的报告涵盖了广泛的燃料，工艺和行业，旨在提供有关替代燃料市场状况的见解，以及它们如何适应低碳经济，这是关键玩家和发展。该报告包括对生物燃料的介绍，并进一步详细介绍了可再生柴油，高级生物燃料，可持续航空燃料，电子燃料（电子燃料）和电子氨，提供了有关技术发展，产量的数据，趋势，分析和讨论。 ，公司公告以及目标应用和行业。
所有报告购买都包括与专家分析师进行的长达30分钟的电话时间，专家分析师将帮助您将报告中的关键发现与您要解决的业务问题联系起来。此NEE DS三个月购买的报告中使用。
Title:
Sustainable Alternative Fuels 2021-2031
Biofuels, renewable diesel, sustainable aviation fuels, e-fuels, green ammonia, technologies, players, markets.
Growth in global energy consumption has caused CO2 and GHG emissions to rise, in turn causing an increase in average global temperatures. The combustion of fossil fuels including coal, oil, and natural gas, has been a key driver behind this, providing the underlying driver for the production and use of non-fossil alternative fuels that can help reduce emissions and mitigate against climate change.
The electrical power and transportation sectors have been first to implement renewable technologies. For electricity generation, renewable power sources such as wind and solar PV are the fastest growing energy source for many regions worldwide, reducing the carbon intensity of electricity production. In on-road transportation, the 2020s are forecast to be the decade where battery electric cars and other personal transport modes become cheaper, on both a lifetime- and upfront-cost basis, than their internal combustion engine counterparts. This will lead to widespread battery electric vehicle adoption. However, combined, electricity and on-road transportation account for less than 50% of global energy consumption and CO2 -e emissions. Sectors including heavy industry, heating, aviation, and shipping are far more difficult to decarbonise. Here, direct electrification or use of battery technology is unlikely to provide a solution.
Liquid and gaseous fuels will therefore be necessary in these sectors. Renewable diesel or HVO (hydrotreated vegetable oil) for example is set for a decade of growth. Production of renewable diesel differs from conventional biodiesel, allowing it to be used as a drop-in fuel, where biodiesel will have to be blended. Further, if waste feedstocks are used, such as used cooking oil or animal fats, renewable diesel can offer significant CO2 emissions reductions and be classified as a 2nd generation or advanced biofuel. Growth in the fuel is driven by the US and Europe and emissions targets set in these regions with the report providing data on players and productions volumes and a capacity forecast (MMGY) through to 2031. This despite the backdrop of vehicle electrification.
While transport electrification will erode demand for alternative fuels in road transport, sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) are likely to be necessary for the aviation industry to reduce emissions. Despite Covid-19 significantly reducing demand for air travel, there were several announcements, including purchase agreements, made in 2020 that highlighted greater emphasis on the decarbonisation of aviation through use of SAFs. As of the end of 2020, there were 7 SAF production processes certified by the International Air Transport Association, which can be blended with conventional jet-fuel at various percentages. The most prominent SAF is based on hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids, produced in a process similar to renewable diesel. IDTechEx estimate that demand for SAF in 2020 accounted for <0.1% of total jet-fuel demand and despite significant growth expected from the market, demand in 2026 is forecast to still account for <1%.
While SAF production is currently bio-based, electro-fuels (e-fuels) could play an important role in the future for the aviation sector, in addition to providing a route to producing other drop-in fuels and feedstocks, including methane, methanol, and syngas. E-fuels make use of electrolytic hydrogen and atmospheric carbon, whether captured directly from the air or from an industrial point source. As such, they negate some of the concerns with biofuels, such as feedstock availability, land use changes or potential competition with food cultivation. However, the e-fuel market is at a much earlier stage of development and electrolyser technology, a central part of e-fuel production, is likely to need further improvement and demonstration at scale to fully realise the potential of e-fuels. Cheap electrical power will also be a pre-requisite for economical production of e-fuels. The report covers the various routes that can be taken to produce e-fuels, and details the companies involved and seeking to commercialise and expand their e-fuel technologies and production capacity.
Green ammonia (e-ammonia), produced from electrolytic hydrogen and nitrogen from the air, has been touted as being a promising hydrogen carrier for the hydrogen economy, due its higher temperature at which it liquefies, making it more energy dense than hydrogen, and easier to store and transport. The maritime industry in particular could be well placed to utilise ammonia as a fuel and while there is seemingly interest in it, use of ammonia as a fuel in maritime is currently limited to a very small number of projects. Projects are also underway to test the feasibility of green ammonia as a form of energy storage, with ammonia produced at times of low electricity cost (or high renewable output), stored, and power generated at times of high electricity demand. Direct use of ammonia, in a gas turbine, engine or potentially fuel cell, will have to be carefully controlled and monitored to ensure low levels of NOx emissions. While use of ammonia as a fuel or energy vector is still at the early stages of commercialisation, production of green ammonia will be important in its own right, with the chemical being used globally as a fertilizer and current production generally reliant on the use of natural gas as a feedstock.
An alternative to ammonia for shipping could be biogas or bio-LNG (liquefied natural gas), which could also play a key role in stabilising electricity grids with high levels of renewables and in decarbonising heat demand. Biogas could benefit from the fact that hundreds of tankers already make use of LNG, such that biogas presents the possibility for a smoother transition to carbon-neutrality, where ammonia would require new ships and retrofits.
IDTechEx's report on non-fossil alternative fuels covers a wide scope of fuels, processes and sectors, and aims to provide insight on the state of the market for alternative fuels, how they fit in to a low-carbon economy, the key players and developments. The report includes an introduction to biofuels with further detailed sections on renewable diesel, advanced biofuels, sustainable aviation fuels, electro-fuels (e-fuels), and e-ammonia, providing data, trends, analysis and discussion on technology development, production volumes, company announcements, and targeted applications and sectors.
All report purchases include up to 30 minutes telephone time with an expert analyst who will help you link key findings in the report to the business issues you're addressing. This needs to be used within three months of purchasing the report.
