全球铼市场

The new Roskill report on the rhenium industry will be published in October 2007. It will provide up-to-date market analysis of resources, production, consumption, end-use market trends, international trade and prices.

Like all Roskill reports, this new edition of The Economics of Rhenium will give you a completely impartial industry overview. Our expert researchers have made a thorough and objective analysis of all available data from the world' s most reliable sources, including a large and invaluable network of industry contacts. That' s why the breadth, depth, accuracy and expertise of our research is unrivalled.

The new edition of this report has been extensively revised and updated, containing the most up-to-date information available on the rhenium industry.

This report offers you in-depth, independent analysis of the current and future supply, demand from end-use markets, and the implications these developments are likely to have on prices in the future, including:

• Three companies produce nearly all primary rhenium, Molymet of Chile, Zhezkazganredmet (Red Met) of Kazakhstan and Phelps Dodge of the USA. Molymet is by far the largest producer, accounting for about 45% of primary rhenium (20,100kg) in 2006. The company plans to open a new molybdenum roaster in 2007, which could be capable of recovering as much as 8.5tpy of rhenium.
• Since the 1980s, demand for nickel-based superalloys has grown rapidly and is now the single largest market for rhenium, accounting for over 75% of the world total. Rhenium-bearing superalloys were originally developed by aircraft engine manufacturers. These are capable of operating at much higher temperatures, and for longer periods of time, than previous alloys, and led to major changes in aircraft design. Demand for rhenium in this sector will remain strong, as there are currently no substitutes.
• The current supply-demand balance for rhenium is very tight and is likely to tighten further, at least in the short term. World demand in 2006 was estimated at 62,000kg of which 44,600kg (72%) was met by primary production. The balance was largely from recycled material and the sale of stock from Kazakhstan. Demand is forecast to continue growing in coming years, largely because of anticipated growth in passenger and military aircraft.
• Strong demand from the aerospace sector and limited supplies has led to strong growth in prices since 2006. The price of ammonium perrhenate has risen from around US$1,000/kg at the start of 2006 to over US$7,000/kg. Roskill expects prices to continue rising in the short term but anticipates that new capacity, both primary and secondary, may be brought online within three to five years. Prices for ammonium perrhenate could rise to US$10,000/kg by 2009 before stabilising on or close to this level, depending on the supply/demand balance.

1. Summary

2. Occurrence of rhenium

3. Reserves and resources of rhenium

4. Rhenium recovery processes

5. World production of rhenium

• 5.1. World primary production of rhenium
• 5.2. Primary rhenium production capacity by leading companies
  • 5.2.1. Future primary production of rhenium
• 5.3. Secondary rhenium production capacity by leading companies

6. World supply of rhenium

7. Current and potential rhenium-producing countries and companies

• 7.1. Armenia
  • 7.1.1. Producers of primary rhenium in Armenia
    • 7.1.1.1. Armenian Molybdenum Production (AMP)
    • 7.1.1.2. OJSCo "Plant of Pure Iron"
    • 7.1.1.3. Zangezur Copper and Molybdenum Combine AG
• 7.2. Austria
• 7.3. Belgium
• 7.4. Bulgaria
• 7.5. Canada
  • 7.5.1. Producers of molybdenum concentrates containing rhenium in Canada
    • 7.5.1.1. Imperial Metals Corporation/Japan Group
    • 7.5.1.2. Taseko Mines Limited
    • 7.5.1.3. Teck Cominco Limited
  • 7.5.2. Potential producers of molybdenum concentrates containing rhenium in Canada
  • 7.5.3. Previous producers of molybdenum concentrates containing rhenium in Canada
  • 7.5.4. Production of rhenium contained in molybdenum concentrates in Canada
• 7.6. Chile
  • 7.6.1. Producers of molybdenum concentrates containing rhenium in Chile
    • 7.6.1.1. Anglo American plc
    • 7.6.1.2. Antofagasta plc
    • 7.6.1.3. Compania Minera Antamina S.A.
    • 7.6.1.4. Corporacion National del Cobre de Chile (Codelco)
    • 7.6.1.5. Dona Ines de Collahuasi SCM Minera Collahuasi
    • 7.6.1.6. Minera Valle Central S.A
  • 7.6.2. Production of primary rhenium in Chile
  • 7.6.3. Producers of primary rhenium in Chile
    • 7.6.3.1. Molibdenos y Metales S.A (Molymet)
  • 7.6.4. Exports of rhenium from Chile
• 7.7. China
  • 7.7.1. Producers of primary rhenium in China
  • 7.7.2. Producers of rhenium products in China
  • 7.7.3. Exports of rhenium from China
• 7.8. Czech Republic
• 7.9. Estonia
• 7.10. France
• 7.11. Germany
  • 7.11.1. Producers of secondary rhenium in Germany
    • 7.11.1.1. H.C. Starck GmbH & Company KG
    • 7.11.1.2. W.C. Heraeus GmbH
  • 7.11.2. Exports of rhenium from Germany
• 7.12. Iran
• 7.13. Japan
• 7.14. Kazakhstan
  • 7.14.1. Producers of molybdenum concentrates containing rhenium in Kazakhstan
    • 7.14.1.1. Kazakhmys plc
    • 7.14.1.2. Celtic Resources Holdings/Kazatomprom
  • 7.14.2. Production of primary rhenium in Kazakhstan
  • 7.14.3. Producers of primary rhenium in Kazakhstan
    • 7.14.3.1. State enterprise (RGP) Zhezkazganredmet
    • 7.14.3.2. JSC Yuzhpolimetall (Shymkent)
  • 7.14.4. Exports of rhenium from Kazakhstan
• 7.15. Mexico
  • 7.15.1. Producers of molybdenum concentrates containing rhenium in Mexico
  • 7.15.2. Former producers of molybdenum concentrates containing rhenium in Mexico
  • 7.15.3. Estimated production of rhenium in Mexico
  • 7.15.4. Producers of primary rhenium in Mexico
• 7.16. Mongolia
  • 7.16.1. Producers of molybdenum concentrates containing rhenium in Mongolia
  • 7.16.2. Producers of primary rhenium in Mongolia
• 7.17. Netherlands
• 7.18. Papua New Guinea
• 7.19. Peru
  • 7.19.1. Production of rhenium contained in molybdenum concentrates in Peru
  • 7.19.2. Producers of molybdenum concentrates containing rhenium in Peru
• 7.20. Poland
• 7.21. Russia
  • 7.21.1. Producers of molybdenum concentrates containing rhenium in Russia
    • 7.21.1.1. JSC Molibden
    • 7.21.1.2. Zhirekensky Mining and Beneficiation Combine
  • 7.21.2. Production of primary rhenium in Russia
  • 7.21.3. Producers of primary rhenium in Russia
    • 7.21.3.1. A/O Metallurg
    • 7.21.3.2. JSC Pobedit
  • 7.21.4. Former producers of primary rhenium in Russia
  • 7.21.5. Producers of secondary rhenium in Russia
  • 7.21.6. Former processors of rhenium in Russia
  • 7.21.7. Exports of rhenium from Russia
• 7.22. Tadjikistan
• 7.23. United Kingdom
• 7.24. USA
  • 7.24.1. Producers of molybdenum concentrates containing rhenium in the USA
    • 7.24.1.1. Asarco Incorporated
    • 7.24.1.2. Montana Resources
    • 7.24.1.3. Rio Tinto
  • 7.24.2. Past producers of molybdenum concentrates containing rhenium in the USA
  • 7.24.3. Production of primary rhenium in the USA
  • 7.24.4. Producers of primary rhenium in the USA
    • 7.24.4.1. Phelps Dodge Mining Company (PDMC)
  • 7.24.5. Former producers of primary rhenium in the USA
  • 7.24.6. Producers of secondary rhenium in the USA
  • 7.24.7. Downstream rhenium sector in the USA
    • 7.24.7.1. AAA Molybdenum Products Incorporated
    • 7.24.7.2. BASF
    • 7.24.7.3. Cannon Muskegon
    • 7.24.7.4. Certified Alloys Products Incorporated
    • 7.24.7.5. Climax Engineered Materials
    • 7.24.7.6. Concept Alloys L.L.C
    • 7.24.7.7. Criterion Catalysts and Technologies L.P.
    • 7.24.7.8. H. Cross Company
    • 7.24.7.9. Powmet Incorporated
    • 7.24.7.10. Rhenium Alloys Incorporated
    • 7.24.7.11. Ultramet
  • 7.24.8. Imports of rhenium into the USA
  • 7.24.9. Consumption of rhenium in the USA
• 7.25. Uzbekistan
  • 7.25.1. Producers of molybdenum concentrates containing rhenium in Uzbekistan

8. Consumption of rhenium

• 8.1. World consumption of rhenium
• 8.2. Consumption of rhenium by region
• 8.3. Consumption of rhenium by end use
• 8.4. Leading consumers of rhenium
• 8.5. Future demand for rhenium by end use

9. End-uses of rhenium

• 9.1. High performance alloys
  • 9.1.1. Use of rhenium in nickel-based superalloys
  • 9.1.2. Types of superalloys
    • 9.1.2.1. Single crystal high performance alloys
    • 9.1.2.2. Oxide dispersion strengthened alloys
    • 9.1.2.3. Powder metallurgy and hot isostatic pressed alloys
    • 9.1.2.4. Isothermal forged alloys
    • 9.1.2.5. Horizontal casted alloys
    • 9.1.2.6. Vacuum sprayformed alloys
  • 9.1.3. Production and consumption of nickel-based superalloys
  • 9.1.4. Markets for high performance alloys
  • 9.1.5. Use of nickel-based superalloys in aerospace applications
  • 9.1.6. Use of nickel-based superalloys in land-based gas turbines
  • 9.1.7. Forecast demand for rhenium in superalloys
• 9.2. Rhenium-bearing catalysts for the petroleum refining and petrochemical industries
  • 9.2.1. Catalytic reforming processes
    • 9.2.1.1. Principal platinum-rhenium catalytic reforming processes
    • 9.2.1.2. Catalytic reforming capacity
    • 9.2.1.3. Outlook for rhenium consumption in reforming catalysts
  • 9.2.2. Rhenium use in catalysts for BTX production
  • 9.2.3. Future demand for rhenium in catalysts
• 9.3. Use of tungsten-rhenium and molybdenum-rhenium alloys
  • 9.3.1. Use of rhenium alloys in lamp filaments
  • 9.3.2. Use of rhenium alloys in other filament applications
  • 9.3.3. Use of rhenium alloys in heater elements
  • 9.3.4. Use of rhenium alloys in X-ray tubes and targets
  • 9.3.5. Use of rhenium alloys in thermocouples
  • 9.3.6. Use of rhenium and rhenium alloys in electrical contacts
• 9.4. Use of rhenium in booster rocket nozzles
• 9.5. Uses of rhenium compounds
• 9.6. Other uses of rhenium
• 9.7. Future demand for rhenium in other applications

10. International trade in rhenium products

• 10.1. International trade in ammonium perrhenate
• 10.2. International trade in rhenium metal
• 10.3. Import duties for rhenium metal and compounds
• 10.4. International trade in unroasted molybdenum concentrates

11. Rhenium prices

• 11.1. Rhenium price mechanism
• 11.2. Rhenium price history
  • 11.2.1. Substitutes for rhenium
  • 11.2.2. Rhenium recycling
  • 11.2.3. Disruptions to rhenium supply
• 11.3. Rhenium price outlook