公共安全无线互通性相关进歩及课题：市场・技术分析

Considerable research was done using the Internet. Information from various Web sites was studied and analyzed; evaluation of publicly available marketing and technical publications was conducted. Telephone conversations and interviews were held with industry analysts, technical experts and executives. In addition to these interviews and primary research, secondary sources were used to develop a more complete mosaic of the market landscape, including industry and trade publications, conferences and seminars.

The overriding objective throughout the work has been to provide valid and relevant information. This has led to a continual review and update of the information content.

This report is important for the government agencies involved in the first response to critical situations. It is necessary for technical departments of such agencies to have a document, which in simple language explains radio technology and architectures of networks supporting public safety radios. They also need to understand the market landscape and who are the major players and their portfolios to select the right equipment.

For vendors of the first response technology, this report provides valuable information on competition. It also supports these vendors with the market assessment.

Existing radio communications systems employed in public safety applications at the present time are a disparate mix of equipment operating at frequencies ranging from 25 MHz to 4.99 GHz and using modes ranging from basic analog FM to VoIP. This has created a frustrating and dangerous problem in that first responders from different organizations are often unable to communicate effectively. Existing solutions to this problem are predominately network-based, which requires prior planning and coordination.

This report addresses Public Safety Communications interoperability progress and problems in North America. It would be unfair to say that nothing was done to insure first responders communications interoperability. The government is spending billions of dollars on research and development in this area; some states have already implemented, or are in the process of implementation of the state-wide PSC networks. Some progress is made in the design of the conceptual view of the national PSC network.

This report addresses technological and marketing trends in the public safety communications interoperability. It emphasizes the progress as well as issues that still exist in the building an interoperability road between public safety agencies radio. This problem is especially serious in the U.S. with its highly decentralized public safety organizations structure.

The report provides a systematic approach to define and analyze interoperability methods.

• IP-based methods
• Standards-P25
• Mesh-based methods
• Satellites
• Private networks
• Radio methods
• SDR.

For all these methods, the report provides technical details, and for some of them it provides also the marketing analysis. The IP group of methods is leading development, though all other methods have multiple benefits as well.

SDR seems like the most possible IP-methods contender, but it will take several years to tell this for sure.

Private networks that can serve first responders attract more and more attention. They can sustain faster development, be more organized and maintainable. There are several service offerings and proposals; to be adapted for public safety communications traffic, such networks should revise some SLAs to make them more stringent.

The report details market and technical development of the P25 standard and shows the phased approach that the industry suggested. Specifics of each phase are stressed. Eventually, in Phase III, the standard will receive (together with TETRA) a global acceptance and it is planned for interoperability; there are many roadblocks in this development, and it is still unclear how the whole industry will support it.

One more method, which is coming from military applications, is to use self-organized, self-reconfigurable and survivable mesh topologies. The report provides details of existing products and outlines benefits of this direction.

Satellites already provide inherently interoperable solutions that can be used as a back-up or the main configuration. Satellites networks can survive in situations when a terrestrial infrastructure is damaged or even destroyed.

Various radio methods (such as patching, cross-band repeaters and other) belong to the traditional ways to achieve first responders' interoperability; they attract by their simplicity and price performance; their limitations, connected with more and more complex network scenarios, raise some questions of their wide acceptance.

The report also provides marketing data for sales of equipment to support North America first responders radios; estimates of the addressable markets for all major interoperability methods are developed as well.

Table of Contents

• 1.1 General-Mobility and Interoperability
• 1.2 Requirements to Public Safety Radio
• 1.3 Interoperability Categories
• 1.4 Classification: Emergency Communications
• 1.5 Criteria: Selecting Public Safety Communications Technology
• 1.6 States and Federal Support: Funds to Support Interoperability
• 1.7 Scope
• 1.8 Research Methodology
• 1.9 Target Audience

• 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.1.1 Requirements: Interoperability
• 2.2 Classification
  • 2.2.1 Sub-Classes
    • 2.2.1.1 Internet-IP-based Interoperability
    • 2.2.1.2 Ad Hoc/Mesh
    • 2.2.1.3 P25/TETRA
    • 2.2.1.4 Software Defined Radio (SDR)
    • 2.2.1.5 Satellite
    • 2.2.1.6 Private Networks
    • 2.2.1.7 Radio Methods/Patching

• 3.1 General - RoIP
  • 3.1.1 ISSI
• 3.2 Advantages
• 3.3 Market
• 3.4 Vendors and Services
  • Arinc
  • Codespear-Federal Signal
  • Catalyst
  • Communications-Applied Technology (IP and cross-band)
  • Cisco
  • Cistera
  • C4i
  • Fatpot (peer Intelligence-software)
  • M/A-COM
  • Motorola
  • NovaRoam (IP and Mesh)
  • Radio IP Software
  • Raytheon JPS
  • Ritron (IP, multi-band)
  • RoamAD
  • Sytech (IP and Mesh)
  • Twisted Pair
  • VoiceInterop/Twisted Pair

• 4.1 Definition
• 4.2 Properties
  • 4.2.1 General
  • 4.2.2 Benefits
    • 4.2.2.1 Use
• 4.3 Major Features and Limitations
• 4.4 Major WMN Applications
• 4.5 Architectures
  • 4.5.1 Frequency Bands
• 4.6 Routing Protocols
  • 4.6.1 Lack of Standardization
  • 4.6.2 Applications Variety
  • 4.6.3 Protocols
• 4.7 Security Issues
  • 4.7.1 General
  • 4.7.2 IEEE 802.11
  • 4.7.3 UWB (Ultra Wideband) Technology
  • 4.7.4 ZigBee
  • 4.7.5 Summary-Security
• 4.8 Market: Mesh Networks
  • 4.8.1 Market Estimate
    • 4.8.1.1 Market Leaders
    • 4.8.1.2 Forecast
• 4.9 WMN and First Responders
• 4.10 Major WMN Vendors and their Products (Interoperability for PSR Applications)
  • BAE Systems (Public Safety)
  • BelAir (Nodes)
  • Cisco (Protocols, Nodes)
  • Global Mesh Technologies (SW Public Safety)
  • IPMobileNet (WMN)
  • FireTide (Mesh network-Public safety applications)
  • Motorola (Nodes-Public Safety Communications)
  • Newtrax (WSN-mesh, UGS)
  • Northrop Grumman (Nodes)
  • Nortel (WMN Systems)
  • NovaRoam (Public Safety Communications - WMN)
  • PacketHop- In 2007, SRI International Acquisition (PSC)
  • Proxim (WMN Nodes)
  • Rajant (WMN-Military, First Responders)
  • Sensoria (WMN for Public Safety Communications)
  • SkyPilot Networks (WMN Nodes)
  • Strix (Nodes-First Responders)
  • Trango (Mesh for First responders)

• 5.1 Standardization Process and Technologies
  • 5.1.2 General: P25 Standard
    • 5.1.2.1 Process
    • 5.1.2.2 Structure
  • 5.1.3 Beginning
• 5.2 Project 25/TIA 102: Scope
  • 5.2.1 Efforts
  • 5.2.2 Phased Approach
    • 5.2.2.1 Phases
    • 5.2.2.2 Phase I
    • 5.2.2.3 Phase II
    • 5.2.2.4 Phase III
• 5.3 Current P25 Development-Phase I
  • 5.3.1 General Mission and Objectives
  • 5.3.2 Compliance
  • 5.3.3 Benefits and Issues
  • 5.3.4 Technical Highlights
    • 5.3.4.1 Common Air Interface
    • 5.3.4.2 Fixed Station Interface
    • 5.3.4.3 Console Sub-system Interface
    • 5.3.4.4 RF Sub-system
    • 5.3.4.5 Inter-system Interface (ISSI)
    • 5.3.4.6 Telephone Interconnect Interface
    • 5.3.4.7 Network Management Interface
    • 5.3.4.8 Host and Network Data Interfaces
    • 5.3.4.9 Summary: Interfaces
  • 5.3.5 Security
  • 5.3.6 Coding
  • 5.3.7 Frequency Bands
  • 5.3.8 P25 Voice Messaging
  • 5.3.9 System
  • 5.3.10 Spectrum: Problems
    • 5.3.10.1 700 MHz Band
  • 5.3.11 Major Improvements
  • 5.3.12 Services
  • 5.3.13 Network Scenario
  • 5.3.14 Transition
• 5.4 Phase II
  • 5.4.1 Transition
  • 5.4.2 Scope
  • 5.4.3 Time
  • 5.4.4 Motorola and "Harmonized" Solutions
• 5.5 Phase III
  • 5.5.1 General
  • 5.5.2 Organization
  • 5.5.3 Background
  • 5.5.4 Project MESA Formulators
  • 5.5.5 Networking
  • 5.5.6 MESA Statement of Requirements (SoR)
    • 5.5.6.1 General
      • 5.5.6.1.1 Vision: Ad-hoc and Cell
    • 5.5.6.2 Features
  • 5.5.7 Technological Needs
    • 5.5.7.1 General Technology-Requirements
    • 5.5.7.2 Specific and Functional Requirements
  • 5.5.8 Goals
  • 5.5.9 Applications
  • 5.5.10 Crossroads
    • 5.5.10.1 Vendors Position
  • 5.5.11 Technology Details:
  • 5.5.12 Framework description
    • 5.5.12.1 Overview
    • 5.5.12.2 Architecture
  • 5.5.13 Security
  • 5.5.14 Projects P25 and MESA
• 5.6 Market Analysis
  • 5.6.1 General
  • 5.6.2 Geography
  • 5.6.3 Market Drivers
  • 5.6.4 Market Forecast
    • 5.6.4.1 Developments: New Interoperability Requirements
    • 5.6.4.2 Model Assumptions
    • 5.6.4.3 Addressable Market Estimate
• 5.7 Vendors
  • Catalyst
  • Daniels
  • Datron
  • Digital Voice System
  • EDAS Secure Networks
  • EF Johnson
  • Etherstack
  • ICOM America
  • Kenwood
  • M/A-Com (TycoElectronic)
  • Midland
  • Motorola
  • Nexus Wireless
  • Relm
  • Raytheon JPS
  • Thales
  • Tait Electronics
  • Technisonic
  • Westel
  • Wireless Pacific

• 6.1 General
• 6.2 Scope
  • 6.2.1 Developments
  • 6.2.2 Prospective
  • 6.2.3 Features
• 6.3 Need
• 6.4 Status
• 6.5 Objectives
• 6.6 New Development
• 6.7 Benefits and Challenges
• 6.8 JTRS
• 6.9 Market Estimate
  • 6.9.1 Market Forecast
    • 6.9.1.1 Model Assumptions
    • 6.9.1.2 Estimate
    • 6.9.1.3 Public Safety Radio Market Specifics-SDR
• 6.10 Market Players
  • Adaptix (SW, Broadband Access)
  • AeroStream (Consumer, Military Radio)
  • Analog Devices (Chipsets)
  • Cambridge Consultants (802.16e)
  • Cisco (802.11a)
  • CRC - Canadian Research Center (Software)
  • Harris (Radio Systems)
  • ICS- GE Fanuc Intelligent Platforms (Modules, Software)
  • In Motion Technology (PSC)
  • ISR Technology (Platforms)
  • Lyrtech (DSP and FPGA development solutions)
  • Motorola (SDR in Public Safety)
  • NavSys (GPS and Communications)
  • Nova Engineering (Platforms)
  • Objective Interface (Software)
  • RadioScape (SDR Audio)
  • Rockwell Collins (Radios)
  • Spectrum Signal Processing - Vecima Networks (Platforms)
  • Sundance (Platforms, Modules)
  • Thales (Radio)

• 7.1 Swap Radios
• 7.2 Multi-agencies Operations
• 7.3 Shared System
• 7.4 Multi-band Radio and Repeaters
• 7.5 Patching

• 8.1 Business Issues
• 8.2 Technical Issues
• 8.3 Progress

• 9.1 General
• 9.2 Features
  • 9.2.1 Types
• 9.3 Planning
• 9.4 Technology Specifics
  • 9.4.1 Scenarios
• 9.5 Services
• 9.6 Benefits and Issues
• 9.7 Channels
• 9.8 Voice
• 9.9 Services and Providers
  • 9.9.1 CapRock
  • 9.9.2 Inmarsat
  • 9.9.3 Iridium and JPS
    • 9.9.3.1 Iridium
  • 9.9.4 PacStar and Spacenet
  • 9.9.5 DataPath
  • 9.9.6 New Hampshire Satellite Responder Network
  • 9.9.7 IP Access International
  • 9.9.8 SES Americom
  • 9.9.9 Anvil

• 10.1 Directions
• 10.2 Estimate
• 11.0 Conclusions

Appendix 1 - Project 25/ANSI 102 Major Standards

• Figure 1: First Responders: Frequency Bands (2008)
• Figure 2: Interoperability Methods
• Figure 3: Estimate: Addressable Market - IP Technology Interoperability PSR Equipment ($B)
• Figure 4: IP-based Interoperability Geography
• Figure 5: Radio Technologies for WMN
• Figure 6: Mesh Network Equipment Sale: Addressable Market Estimate ($B)
• Figure 7: Addressable Market: Mesh Network Equipment Sale for PSC Applications
• Figure 8: Technology Segmentation: Mesh Network Market
• Figure 9: Mesh Network Market Geography (2006)
• Figure 10: APCO Project 25 Interface Committee P25
• Figure 11: Generic-P25 System Structure
• Figure 12: ISSI-P25 System-to-System
• Figure 13: ISSI-Roaming
• Figure 14: P25 Radio System Model Illustration
• Figure 15: Revised Frequency Plan
• Figure 16: Revised Spectrum (Upper 700 MHz sub-band)
• Figure 17: 700 MHz Auction
• Figure 18: P25 Network Architecture
• Figure 19: Partners
• Figure 20: MESA Networking
• Figure 21: PSR Evolution
• Figure 22: P25 Equipment Addressable Market (U.S. and Canada, $M)
• Figure 23: PSR Handheld & Mobile Market Estimate ($B)
• Figure 24: P25 Radio Major Applications (2008)
• Figure 25: Estimate: SDR Addressable Market-Military Sector ($B)
• Figure 26: Estimate: SDR Addressable Market-Commercial Sector ($B)
• Figure 27: SDR Market Geography (2007)
• Figure 28: Estimate: Addressable Market-SDR in PSC ($M)
• Figure 29: Satellite Channels
• Figure 30: Interoperability Methods Distribution
• Figure 31: PSR Addressable Market: N.A. Interoperability Equipment Sales ($B)

• Table 1: Interoperability Levels
• Table 2: States Emergency Network Examples
• Table 3: WMN Security Options
• Table 4: P25 Advantages and Issues (Phase I)
• Table 5: PSR Bands
• Table 6: P25 Services
• Table 7: MESA Network Levels
• Table 8: TETRA vs. P25 Markets
• Table 9: SLA Comparison - Private Networks vs. Public Safety Networks
• Table 10: DHS State Grant Funding to Improve Interoperability in Selected States (2003-2005)