Abstract
Reemergence of the Nuclear Industry in the Global Energy Sector
Summary
With the increasing demand for various fuel types, nuclear energy is
reemerging in the global energy arena. It would help meet the growing global
demand for electricity and provide uninterrupted electricity supply to the
energy voracious economies. In this context nuclear would be a viable source
for reducing dependency on fossil fuels. This report presents a comprehensive
analysis of various sectors of the nuclear energy industry. The report
analyses uranium industry development, nuclear reactor technology development,
nuclear energy development, investment prospects in nuclear sector, economics
of nuclear energy and the major players in the nuclear energy industry. The
report analyses nuclear power sector, government policies and the regulatory
structure in major nuclear energy producing countries.
Scope
The report examines the growth of nuclear power, economics of the nuclear
power generation, reactor technologies, and major players in the field in
order to provide a comprehensive understanding about the industry. With the
increasing demand for electricity worldwide, nuclear energy can potentially
minimize the over dependency of countries on fossil fuels. The carbon emission
related to fossil fuel usage also could be addressed by promoting nuclear
power generation.
Some of the key areas analyzed in the report are:
・ The uranium reserves and production, and its affordable and uninterrupted supply.
・ Development
of nuclear power industry.
・ Progress in nuclear technology
development.
・ The technological progress made in the nuclear power
generation arena .
・ The public concerns and government policies towards
nuclear energy generation.
・ Advantages of nuclear power over
conventional sources.
・ Technology for longer life span of nuclear power
reactors and efficient fuel usage.
・ Growing nuclear energy generating
infrastructure and investment prospects.
Reasons to buy
・ The report provides in-depth analysis of the nuclear power industry and the
potential developments of the same in the years ahead.
・ The report
reflects some of the interesting insights regarding the opportunities and
challenges in the global nuclear energy industry.
・ As growing demand for
nuclear power generation is expected to bring a new set of prospects to
companies and industry majors, this report essentially focuses on the key
aspects of the industry.
・ This report aims to provide information on
nuclear power generation in various countries and an overview on their nuclear
energy policy and regulatory framework.
・ The existing nuclear power
generation technologies and the potential developments are also discussed in
the report.
・ The report provides and analysis of the planned and proposed
nuclear energy facilities across the world.
Table of Contents
1 Table of Contents 2
1.1 List of Tables 8
1.2 List of Figures 10
2 Introduction 11
2.1 What Is This Report About? 11
2.2 Global Markets
Direct Report Coverage 11
2.3 Definitions 11
3 Executive Summary
12
3.1 Global Uranium Industry Development 12
3.2 Nuclear Reactor
Technology Development 12
3.3 Reemerging Nuclear Power Industry in the
World 13
3.4 Investment in Global Nuclear Power Sector 13
3.5
Economics of Nuclear Power Industry 14
3.6 Major Players in the Nuclear
Energy Industry 14
4 Global Uranium Industry Development 15
4.1
Overview 15
4.2 Major Uranium Reserves in the World 15
4.2.1 Uranium
Reserves in Canada 16
4.2.2 Uranium Reserves in Australia 18
4.2.3
Uranium Reserves in Kazakhstan 19
4.2.4 Uranium Reserves in Russia 20
4.2.5 Uranium Reserves in Uzbekistan 21
4.2.6 Uranium Reserves in USA
21
4.2.7 Uranium Reserves in China 22
4.2.8 Uranium Reserves in
Namibia 23
4.2.9 Uranium Reserves in Niger 23
4.2.10 Uranium Reserves
in Ukraine 23
4.3 Uranium Fuel Cycle 24
4.4 Uranium Exploration and
Production Trends 25
4.5 Uranium Demand and Supply 27
4.6 Spent Fuel
Reprocessing 28
4.7 Radioactive Waste 28
4.7.1 High Level Waste 28
4.7.2 Low Level Waste 28
4.8 Thorium Reserves in the World 28
4.8.1
Thorium based Reactors 30
5 Nuclear Reactor Technology Development 31
5.1 Evolution of Nuclear Reactor Technologies 31
5.2 Generation I -
Nuclear Technology Development 31
5.3 Generation II- Popular Nuclear
Technologies 31
5.3.1 Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) 31
5.3.2 Boiling
Water Reactor (BWR) 32
5.3.3 Advanced Gas Cooled Reactors (MAGNOX and AGR)
33
5.3.4 Graphite Moderated Boiling Water Reactor 33
5.3.5 Pressurized
Heavy Water Reactor (CANDU) 34
5.3.6 Fast Neutron Reactor 34
5.4
Generation III- Advanced Technologies 35
5.4.1 European Pressurized Water
Reactor (EPR) 35
5.4.2 Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR) 36
5.5
Generation IV- Upcoming Nuclear Reactor Technologies 36
5.5.1 Gas-Cooled
Fast Reactor (GFR) 37
5.5.2 Lead-Cooled Fast Reactor (LFR) 37
5.5.3
Molten Salt Reactor System (MSR) 37
5.5.4 Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactors
(SFR) 37
5.5.5 Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactors (SCWR) 37
5.5.6
Very-High-Temperature Reactor System (VHTR) 38
5.6 Development of Small
and Medium Nuclear Reactors (SMR) 38
5.6.1 CAREM (Argentina) 40
5.6.2
IRIS (The International Reactor Innovative and Secure) 41
5.6.3 SMART
(Small Modular Advanced Reactor Technology) 41
5.6.4 CHTR (Compact High
Temperature Reactor) 41
5.6.5 MARS (Mirror Advanced Reactor Study) 41
5.7 Regional Distribution of Research Reactors in the World 41
5.8 Trends
in Nuclear Reactor Technology 42
6 Reemerging Nuclear Power Industry in
the World 45
6.1 Nuclear Power Industry Overview 45
6.2 Growth in
Global Nuclear Power Generation 45
6.3 Nuclear Power Generation in Asia
Pacific 46
6.3.1 Nuclear Power Industry in India 46
6.3.2 India-
Nuclear Energy Policy and Safety Regulation in India 47
6.3.3 India- Role
of Nuclear in Electricity Production 48
6.3.4 Nuclear Industry in China
49
6.3.5 China - Nuclear Energy Policy and Safety Regulation 49
6.3.6
China - Role of Nuclear in Electricity Production 50
6.3.7 Nuclear
Industry in Japan 51
6.3.8 Japan - Nuclear Energy Policy and Safety
Regulation 52
6.3.9 Japan - Role of Nuclear in Electricity Production
53
6.3.10 Power Sector Republic of Korea 53
6.3.11 Republic of Korea -
Nuclear Energy Policy and Safety Regulation 54
6.3.12 Republic of Korea -
Role of Nuclear in Electricity Production 55
6.4 Nuclear Power Generation
in Europe 56
6.4.1 Nuclear Industry in France 56
6.4.2 France -
Nuclear Energy Policy and Safety Regulation 58
6.4.3 France - Role of
Nuclear in Electricity Production 58
6.4.4 Nuclear Industry in Russia
59
6.4.5 Russia - Nuclear Energy Policy and Safety Regulation 60
6.4.6
Russia - Role of Nuclear in Electricity Production 61
6.4.7 Nuclear
Industry in Germany 62
6.4.8 Germany - Nuclear Energy Policy and Safety
Regulation 63
6.4.9 Germany - Role of Nuclear in Electricity Production
63
6.4.10 Nuclear Industry in Ukraine 64
6.4.11 Ukraine - Nuclear
Energy Policy and Safety Regulation 65
6.4.12 Ukraine - Role of Nuclear in
Electricity Production 65
6.4.13 Nuclear Industry in United Kingdom 66
6.4.14 United Kingdom - Nuclear Energy Policy and Safety Regulation 67
6.4.15 United Kingdom - Role of Nuclear in Electricity Production 67
6.4.16 Nuclear Industry in Switzerland 68
6.4.17 Switzerland - Nuclear
Energy Policy and Safety Regulation 69
6.4.18 Switzerland - Role of
Nuclear in Electricity Production 69
6.4.19 Nuclear Industry in Sweden
70
6.4.20 Sweden - Nuclear Energy Policy and Safety Regulation 71
6.4.21 Sweden - Role of Nuclear in Electricity Production 71
6.4.22
Nuclear Industry in Slovak Republic 72
6.4.23 Slovak Republic - Nuclear
Energy Policy and Safety Regulation 73
6.4.24 Slovak Republic - Role of
Nuclear in Electricity Production 73
6.4.25 Nuclear Industry in Lithuania
74
6.4.26 Lithuania - Nuclear Energy Policy and Safety Regulation 75
6.4.27 Lithuania - Role of Nuclear in Electricity Production 75
6.5
Nuclear Power Generation in Americas 76
6.5.1 Nuclear Industry in Canada
76
6.5.2 Canada - Nuclear Energy Policy and Safety Regulation 77
6.5.3
Canada - Role of Nuclear in Electricity Production 77
6.5.4 Nuclear
Industry in United States 78
6.5.5 United States - Nuclear Energy Policy
and Safety Regulation 79
6.5.6 United States - Role of Nuclear in
Electricity Production 79
6.5.7 Nuclear Industry in Brazil 80
6.5.8
Brazil - Nuclear Energy Policy and Safety Regulation 81
6.5.9 Brazil -
Role of Nuclear in Electricity Production 81
6.5.10 Nuclear Industry in
Mexico 82
6.5.11 Mexico - Nuclear Energy Policy and Safety Regulation
83
6.5.12 Mexico - Role of Nuclear in Electricity Production 83
6.6
Increasing demand for Electricity and Nuclear Power in the World 84
6.7
Nuclear Energy Technology Cooperation 86
7 Investment in Global Nuclear
Power Sector 88
7.1 Potential Investment for New Nuclear Power Plants
88
7.2 Global Nuclear Energy Industry development 88
7.3 Nuclear
Energy Investment Potential in Asia-Pacific 89
7.3.1 Nuclear Energy
Industry Expansion in India 91
7.3.2 Nuclear Energy Industry Expansion in
China 91
7.3.3 Nuclear Energy Industry Expansion in Japan 93
7.3.4
Nuclear Energy Industry Expansion in Republic of Korea 93
7.4 Nuclear
Energy Investment Potential in Europe 94
7.4.1 Nuclear Energy Industry
Expansion in France 96
7.4.2 Nuclear Energy Industry Expansion in Russia
97
7.4.3 Nuclear Energy Industry Expansion in Slovak Republic 98
7.5
Nuclear Energy Investment Potential in Americas 99
7.5.1 Nuclear Energy
Industry Expansion in United States 100
7.6 Emerging Nuclear Power
Countries 102
7.7 Key Determinants of Nuclear Power Industry growth
102
7.7.1 Public Opinion and Nuclear Power Industry growth 103
7.7.2
Government Policies and Nuclear Power Industry growth 104
7.7.3
Environmental Concerns and Nuclear Power Industry growth 105
7.7.4 Nuclear
Industry Related Fatalities and Nuclear Power Industry growth 105
7.8 Role
of Private Sector in the Nuclear Power Industry 106
8 Economics of Nuclear
Power Industry 108
8.1 Economics of Nuclear Power Industry Overview
108
8.2 Major components of Nuclear power Economics 108
8.2.1 Fuel
Cost as a Determinant 109
8.2.2 Capital Cost- Key Factor behind Cost of
Nuclear Generation 111
8.2.3 Operating and Maintenance Costs 112
8.2.4
Waste Management and Decommissioning Costs 112
8.3 Cost Comparison with
Other Conventional Sources 113
8.4 Nuclear Plant Life Extension and
Management 114
9 Major Players in the Nuclear Energy Sector 115
9.1
Key Nuclear Power Utilities 115
9.1.1 Tokyo Electric Power Company 115
9.1.2 Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Company Ltd (KHNP) 116
9.1.3 China
National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) 117
9.1.4 The Nuclear Power
Corporation of India Ltd (NPCIL) 117
9.1.5 Electricité de France (EdF)
117
9.1.6 Rosenergoatom 118
9.1.7 British Energy 118
9.1.8 Atomic
Energy of Canada Ltd (AECL) 118
9.1.9 Exelon 119
9.1.10 Entergy
119
9.2 Nuclear reactor Manufacturing 120
9.2.1 Major reactor Vendors
120
9.2.2 Areva NP 120
9.2.3 Westinghouse Electric Company 121
9.2.4 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) 122
9.2.5 Pebble Bed Modular
Reactor (PBMR) 123
9.2.6 GE Energy 124
9.3 Uranium mining operations
124
9.3.1 Areva Resources Canada Ltd (Areva NC) 124
9.3.2 Rio Tinto
plc 125
9.3.3 Cameco 125
10 Appendix 126
10.1 Methodology 126
10.1.1 Coverage 126
10.1.2 Secondary Research 127
10.1.3 Primary
Research 127
10.1.4 Forecasts 128
10.1.5 Expert Panel Validation
128
10.2 Definitions 128
10.3 Unit of Measure 129
10.4 Contact Us
129
10.5 About Global Markets Direct 129
10.6 Disclaimer 129
1.1
List of Tables
Table 1: Major Uranium Mines and Production in Canada (ton
U3O8), 2007 16
Table 2: Major Uranium Mines and Production in Australia,
(Ton U3O8), 2007 18
Table 3: Uranium Reserves and Production in Kazakhstan
(ISL mines), 2007 20
Table 4: Major Uranium mines in Russia, 2007 21
Table 5: Major Uranium mines in Uzbekistan, 2006 21
Table 6: Major Uranium
Mines and Production in US, 2007 22
Table 7: Major Operating Uranium Mines
in China, 2007 22
Table 8: Uranium Reserves in Namibia, Percentage of
Uranium in Ore, 2007 23
Table 9: Uranium Reserves in Niger, Percentage of
Uranium in Ore, 2007 23
Table 10: Uranium Resources in Ukraine Tu, 2007
24
Table 11: Uranium Production in the world, Tons Uranium, 2006 25
Table 12: Largest Uranium Mines in the world, 2007 27
Table 13: Estimated
World Thorium Reserves, 2006 29
Table 14: CANDU Reactors Outside Canada,
2007 34
Table 15: Existing Generation II Reactors, 2007 35
Table 16:
Generation IV Reactors and Capacity, 2007 38
Table 17: Major SMR Designs
and their Applications, 2006 40
Table 18: Commercial Nuclear Reactors in
the World, 2007 43
Table 19: Operable Commercial Reactors in India 2007
47
Table 20: Operable Commercial Nuclear Reactors in China, 2007 49
Table 21: Operable Commercial Reactors in Japan, 2007 51
Table 22:
Operable Commercial Reactors in Japan, 2007 cont' d 52
Table 23: Operable
Commercial Nuclear Reactors in R. Korea, 2007 54
Table 24: Operable
Commercial Nuclear Reactors in France, 2007 57
Table 25: Operable
Commercial Nuclear Reactors in France, 2007 cont' d 58
Table 26: Operable
Commercial Nuclear Reactor in Russia, 2007 60
Table 27: Operable Nuclear
Reactors in Germany, 2007 63
Table 28: Operable Commercial Nuclear
Reactors in Ukraine, 2007 65
Table 29: Operable Commercial Nuclear
Reactors in UK, 2007 67
Table 30: Operable Commercial Nuclear Reactors in
Switzerland, 2007 69
Table 31: Operable Commercial Reactors in Sweden,
2007 71
Table 32: Operable Commercial Nuclear Reactors in Slovak Republic,
2007 73
Table 33: Operable Commercial Nuclear Reactors in Lithuania, 2007
75
Table 34: Operable Commercial Nuclear Reactors in Canada, 2007 76
Table 35: Operable Commercial Reactors in Brazil, 2007 81
Table 36:
Operable Commercial Nuclear Reactors in Mexico, 2007 82
Table 37: Nuclear
Share in Global Electricity Production 2000-2006 86
Table 38: Upcoming
Commercial Nuclear Reactors in India, 2007 91
Table 39: Upcoming
Commercial Nuclear Reactors in China, 2007 92
Table 40: Upcoming
Commercial Nuclear Reactors in Japan, 2007 93
Table 41: Upcoming
Commercial Nuclear Reactors in R. Korea, 2007 94
Table 42: Upcoming
Commercial Nuclear Reactors in France, 2007 97
Table 43: Upcoming
Commercial Nuclear Reactors in Russia, 2007 97
Table 44: Upcoming
Commercial Nuclear Reactors in Russia, 2007 cont' d 98
Table 45: Upcoming
Commercial Nuclear Reactors in Slovak Republic, 2007 98
Table 46: Upcoming
Commercial Nuclear Reactors in United States, 2007 100
Table 47: Upcoming
Commercial Nuclear Reactors in United States, 2007 cont' d 101
Table 48:
Countries Developing Nuclear Power 102
Table 49: Major Nuclear Reactor
Accidents in the World 106
Table 50: Market Structure In Major Nuclear
Power Generating Countries, 2007 107
Table 51: Estimated Reactor Fuel
Cost, 2007 110
Table 52: Nuclear Fuel Availability under different price
category 2003-2005 111
Table 53: List of Decommissioned Nuclear Plants,
1967-95 113
Table 54: AREVA' s Nuclear Power Plants in the World, 2007
121
Table 55: Mitsubishi Heavy Industry Nuclear Plants, 2007 123
Table
56: Areva, Uranium Production U3O8 Million Pounds, 2007 124
Table 57:
Cameco, Uranium Production U3O8 Million pounds, 2007 125
1.2 List of
Figures
Figure 1: Uranium Production Growth in Canada, (Ton U3O8), 2007
17
Figure 2: Major Uranium Mines and Production in Australia, Tons U3O8,
2007 19
Figure 3: Uranium Production trend in Major producing countries
2002-2006 26
Figure 4: Estimated Thorium Reserves in the World, Percentage
Share, 2007 29
Figure 5: Operable PWRs in the World, 2007 32
Figure 6:
Operable BWRs in the World, 2007 33
Figure 7: Operational Research Reactor
by Region, 2007 42
Figure 8: Global Electricity Generation- Percentage
Share of Nuclear, 2007 45
Figure 9: Percentage Share of Nuclear in
Electricity Generation, 2007 46
Figure 10: Nuclear Share in India' s Power
Production, 2007 48
Figure 11: Nuclear Share in China' s Electricity
Generation, 2007 50
Figure 12: Nuclear Share in Japan' s Power Production,
2007 53
Figure 13: Nuclear Share in Republic of Korea' s Power Production,
2007 55
Figure 14: Nuclear Share in France' s Power Production, 2007 59
Figure 15: Nuclear Share in Russia' s Power Production, 2007 62
Figure 16:
Nuclear Share in Germany' s Power Production, 2007 64
Figure 17: Nuclear
Share in Ukraine' s Power Production, 2007 66
Figure 18: Nuclear Share in
United Kingdom' s Power Production, 2007 68
Figure 19: Nuclear Share in
Switzerland' s Power Production, 2007 70
Figure 20: Nuclear Share in
Sweden' s Power Production, 2007 72
Figure 21: Nuclear Share in Slovak
Republic' s Power Production, 2007 74
Figure 22: Nuclear Share in
Lithuania' s Power Production, 2007 75
Figure 23: Nuclear Share in Canada' s
Power Production, 2007 78
Figure 24: Nuclear Share in United States' Power
Production, 2007 80
Figure 25: Nuclear Share in Brazil' s Power Production,
2007 82
Figure 26: Nuclear Share in Mexico' s Power Production, 2007 84
Figure 27: Proposed and Planned Nuclear Reactors in Asia Pacific, 2007 89
Figure 28: Nuclear Energy Production in Asia Pacific, 2007 90
Figure 29:
Proposed and Planned Nuclear Reactors in Europe 95
Figure 30: Nuclear
Energy Production in Europe, 2007 96
Figure 31: Nuclear Energy Production
in Americas, 2007 99
Figure 32: Global Public Opinion on Nuclear Issues,
2006 104
Figure 33: Nuclear Power Generation Percentage Share of Costs,
2006 109
Figure 34: Estimated Reactor Fuel Cost Percentage Share, 2006
110
Figure 35: Nuclear Electricity Production Cost for Different Fuel
Types, in OECD countries, 2007 114
Figure 36: Installed Capacity of
Nuclear Power Companies in Japan (MW) 2008 116
Figure 37: Global Markets
Direct Methodology 126
